Minna no Nihongo1(Lesson18) Explanation in English

みんなの日本語初級1

A1 じしょけい(dictionary-form)

Meaning:

  • It is called the“じしょけい(dictionary form)”because you can find verbs in this form in a dictionary.
  • For Group 1 verbs, the last sound of the ます-form is always from the“i”line. To make the dictionary -form, change that sound to the“u”line.
  • The way to make the dictionary-form depends on the verb group, as explained below.

A2 ~ができます①

Meaning:

  • できます”is a verb that shows ability. Use the particle“が”before“できます”.  The noun or“Dictionary Form + こと”before“が”shows what you can do.

How to use:

[Noun] ができます

[じしょけい+こと] ができます

Example:

  • わたしはダンスができます。- I can dance.
  • ちち中国語ちゅうごくごができます。- My father can speak Chinese.
  • かれ漢字かんじくことができます。- He can write Kanji.
  • どんな料理りょうりつくることができますか。…日本にほん料理りょうりつくることができます。- What kind of dishes can you cook? …I can cook Japanese food.

A3 ~ができます②

Meaning:

  • “できます”can also show what you can do in a certain place, in a certain situation, or by using a certain tool.

How to use:

[Noun] ができます

[じしょけい+こと] ができます

Example:

  • この公園こうえんでテニスができます。- You can play tennis in this park.
  • この美術館びじゅつかんでフランスのることができます。- You can see French paintings at this museum.
  • インターネットで飛行機ひこうき予約よやくができます。- You can make flight reservations on the internet.

A4 しゅみは~です

Meaning:

  • “しゅみ”means“hobby”. You can use this pattern to talk about your hobbies.
  • Using“Verb (Dictionary Form) + こと”allows you to describe your hobbies more specifically
  •   than using only a noun.

How to use:

しゅみは[N/じしょけい+こと]です

Example:

  • わたしの趣味しゅみはカラオケです。- My hobby is karaoke.
  • ちち趣味しゅみ野球やきゅう試合しあいを見ることです。- My father’s hobby is watching baseball games.
  • 趣味しゅみなんですか。…映画えいがることです。- What is your hobby? …It is watching movies.

A5 ~まえに、~①

Meaning:

  • “まえに”means“before”.
  • This pattern shows that the action of V2 happens before the action of V1/N.
  • When you use a noun before“まえに”, use a noun that shows an action or a noun for an event.

How to use:

[Noun+の] まえに、[V2]

[じしょけい(V1)] まえに、[V2]

Example:

  • うちへかえるまえに、スーパーでものします。- I will go shopping at the supermarket before going home.
  • 会議かいぎまえに、資料しりょうをコピーします。- I will copy the documents before the meeting.

A5 ~まえに、~②

Meaning:

  • When you put a word for a period of time before“まえに”, it means“ago”, In this case, you do not need the particle“の”.

How to use:

[Noun(perood)] まえに

Example:

  • 30ぷんまえにきました。- I woke up 30 minutes ago.
  • 半年はんとしまえに、日本語にほんご勉強べんきょうはじめました。- I started studying Japanese half a year ago.
  • いつ部長ぶちょうかえりましたか。…10ぷんまえに、かえりました。- When did the manager leave? …He left 10 minutes ago.

なかなか

Meaning:

  • When“なかなか”is used with a negative expression, it means“not easily”or“not as expected”.

Example:

  • かねがなくて、なかなかくるまうことができません。- I don’t have enough money, so I can’t afford to buy a car easily.
  • バスがなかなかません。- The bus is taking a long time to come.
  • 日本語にほんごがなかなか上手じょうずになりません。- My Japanese isn’t improving as quickly as I’d like.

ぜひ

Meaning:

  • “ぜひ”is used with expressions of hope or requests, such as“~たいです”and“~てください”. It emphasizes the meaning of these expressions.

Example:

  • ぜひ、またあそびにてください。- Please do come and visit again.
  • 沖縄おきなわうみがとてもきれいですよ。…そうですか。ぜひ、きたいです。- The sea in Okinawa is very beautiful. …Is that so? I definitely want to go.

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