Minna no Nihongo1(Lesson22) Explanation in English

みんなの日本語初級1

A1 [Verb]+[Noun]

Meaning:

  • In Lessons 2 and 8, you learned how to modify nouns.When modifying a noun, you can also use a verb, and the verb is used in its plain form.

How to use:

[Verb plain form] +[Noun]

Example:

  • どもがほん– books that children read
  • どもがまないほん– books that children do not read
  • 昨日きのうんだほん– the book I read yesterday
  • 昨日きのうまなかったほん– the book I did not read yesterday

A2 [Noun1]は [Verb]+[Noun2]です

Meaning:

  • In this sentence pattern, a verb phrase modifies the subject (Noun1).

Example:

  • これはどもがほんです。- This is a book that children read.
  • これはははにもらったかばんです。- This is the bag my mother gave me.
  • ここは山田やまださんがはらたいている会社かいしゃです。- This is the company where Mr. Yamada works.
  • 伊藤いとうさんはどのひとですか。…メガネをかけているひとです。- Which one is Mr. Ito? …He is the person wearing glasses.

A3[Verb]+[Noun]は~です/ます

Meaning:

  • In this sentence pattern, the“verb + noun”phrase acts as the subject. The information that follows“は”is the new information. This pattern is often used in questions.

Example:

  • どもがよくるアニメはNARUTOです。- The anime that children often watch is NARUTO.
  • わたしがっているくるまふるいです。- The car I am driving is old.
  • わたしがはたらいている会社かいしゃ東京とうきょうにあります。- The company where I work is in Tokyo.
  • あおいシャツをているひとはだれですか。…佐藤さとうさんです。- Who is the person wearing the blue shirt? …It is Mr. Sato.

A4 ~は[Verb]+[Noun]を~ます

Meaning:

  • In this sentence pattern, the“verb + noun”construction acts as the object.

Example:

  • 明日あしたあさべるおにぎりをいました。- I bought some onigiri to eat tomorrow morning.
  • 昨日きのうかいたちちせます。- I’m going to show my father the picture I drew yesterday.
  • 山田やまださんがはたらいている会社かいしゃっていますか。- Do you know the company where Mr. Yamada works?
  • なにべましたか。…昨日買きのうかったパンをべました。- What did you eat? …I ate the bread I bought yesterday.

A5 ~は[Verb]+[Noun]が~です/~ます

Meaning:

  • This sentence pattern is used with predicates that take the particle が, such as“すき”,“わかります”, or“ほしい”.

Example:

  • わたしはよく勉強べんきょうするひときです。- I like people who study hard.
  • 旅行りょこうではくくつります。- I need shoes to wear for the trip.
  • 日本人にほんじん友達ともだちはな日本語にほんごがわかりません。- I don’t understand the Japanese that my Japanese friends speak.
  • どんなロボットがしいですか。…部屋へや掃除そうじするロボットがしいです。- What kind of robot do you want? …I want a robot that cleans the room.

A6 ~は[Verb]+[Noun]があります/ありません

Meaning:

  • This sentence pattern uses“あります”or“ありません”as the predicate. In this section, it is used with nouns such as“じかん”or“やくそく”.

Example:

  • 彼女かのじょ時間じかんがありません。- I don’t have time to see my girlfriend.
  • 友達ともだち映画えいが約束やくそくがあります。- I have plans to see a movie with my friend.
  • 一緒いっしょ食事しょくじしませんか。…すみません、郵便局ゆうびんきょく用事ようじがあります。- Would you like to have a meal together? …I’m sorry, I have an errand at the post office.

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