Minna no Nihongo Lesson 24 Grammar Explained in English

みんなの日本語初級1

A1 ~はわたしに~をくれます

Meaning:

  • In Lesson 7, you learned that あげます means“to give.”However, あげます cannot be used when someone gives something to you (the speaker).

×Leeさんはわたしに花はなをあげました。

In this case くれます is used.

  • When using くれます,“わたしに”does not have to be said.

How to use:

[Noun] をくれます

Example:

  • Leeさんはわたしにチョコレートをくれました。- Lee gave me chocolate.
  • Tomさんはコーヒーをくれました。- Tom gave me coffee.

A2 ~がくれました

Meaning:

  • This pattern is used when you want to say who gave something to you. In this case, the subject with new information is marked with が.

How to use:

[Noun(person)] がくれました

Example:

  • このかばんは彼かれがくれました。- This bag was given to me by him.
  • おいしいチョコレートですね。…ええ、田中たなかさんがくれました。- This chocolate is delicious.…Yes, Tanaka gave it to me.
  • すてきなネクタイですね。…ええ、彼女かのじょがくれました。- That’s a nice tie. Yes, she gave it to me.

A3 ~てもらいます

Meaning:

  • This expression is used when the speaker describes an action with a feeling of gratitude.

How to use:

[Noun(person)]に[て-form]もらいます

Example:

  • わたしはLeeさんに傘かさを貸かしてもらいました。- I had Lee lend me an umbrella.
  • 友達ともだちに東京とうきょうを案内あんないしてもらいました。- I had my friend show me around Tokyo.
  • 父ちちに空港くうこうまで送おくってもらいました。- I had my father take me to the airport.

A4 ~てくれます

Meaning:

  • Like て-form もらいます, this expression also shows the receiver’s feeling of gratitude. The difference is that with て-form もらいます, the receiver of the action is the subject of the sentence. With て-form くれます, the person who does the action is the subject. This means the person who does the action (the subject) does the action willingly.

How to use:

[Noun(person)]は[て-form]くれます

Example:

  • Leeさんは傘かさを貸かしてくれました。- Lee lent me an umbrella.
  • 父ちちはディズニーランドへ連つれて行いってくれました。- My father took me to Disneyland.
  • だれがお金かねを払はらってくれましたか。…Tomさんが払はらってくれました。- Who paid the money for you?…Tom did.

A5 ~てあげます

Meaning:

  • て-form あげます is used when someone does something for another person with kindness.
  • If the speaker does the action and the listener receives it, this expression may sound patronizing. So, it is better not to use this expression with someone you do not know well or with someone older or higher in status than you. When offering help to someone who is not very close, use ます-form + ましょうか (Lesson 14).

How to use:

[Noun(person)]に/を/の[て-form]あげます

Example:

  • わたしは夫おっとにカレーを作つくってあげました。- I made curry for my husband.
  • わたしは夫おっとを駅えきまで送おくってあげました。- I took my husband to the station.
  • わたしは夫おっとの部屋へやを掃除そうじしてあげました。- I cleaned my husband’s room for him.

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