Minna no Nihongo1(Lesson17) Explanation in English

みんなの日本語初級1

A1 ないけい(ない-form)

Meaning:

  • The verb form used with ない is called the“ないけい(ない-form)”.
  • For Group 1 verbs, the last sound of the ます-form is always from the“i”line. To make the ない-form, change that sound to the“a”line.
  • The way to make the ない-form depends on the verb group, as explained below.

A2 ~ないでください

Meaning:

  • “~ないでください”means“please don’t do (something).”
  • This expression is used to ask or instruct someone not to do something.
  • “~ないでください”means“please don’t do (something).”Also used to caution someone who is currently doing that action.

How to use:

[ない-form] ないでください

Example:

  • この部屋へやはいらないでください。- Please do not enter this room.
  • ここでたばこをわないでください。- Please do not smoke here.
  • 大丈夫だいじょうぶですから、心配しんぱいしないでください。- I’m okay, so please don’t worry.

A3 ~なければなりません

Meaning:

  • “~なければなりません”means“must~.”
  • This expression means something must be done, even if the person does not want to do it.

How to use:

[ない-form] なければなりません

Example:

  • 明日あした会社かいしゃかなければなりません。- I have to go to the office tomorrow.
  • 毎日まいにち宿題しゅくだいをしなければなりません。- I have to do my homework every day.
  • 12までになければなりません。- I have to be here by 12 o’clock.

「~までに」VS「~まで」

Meaning:

※「~までに(by)」

  • It shows a deadline. The action must finish before that time.

例)明日あしたまでに宿題しゅくだいをしなければなりません。- I have to do my homework by tomorrow.

※「~まで(until)」

  • It shows the time when something continues and then stops.

例)毎日まいにち7まではたらかなければなりません。- I have to work until 7 o’clock every day.


A4 ~なくてもいいです

Meaning:

  • “~なくてもいいです”means“need not~.”
  • This sentence pattern means you do not need to do the action.

How to use:

[ない-form] なくてもいいです

Example:

  • くつがなくてもいいです。- You don’t have to take off your shoes.
  • 土曜日どようびはたらかなくてもいいです。- I don’t have to work on Saturdays.
  • 金を払かね  はらわなければなりませんか。…いいえ、はらわなくてもいいです。- Do I have to pay? … No, you don’t have to.

A5 ~は~

Meaning:

  • Usually, the particle を is used with the direct object of a verb. But if you change を to は, the object becomes the topic, and you talk about it.

How to use:

[Noun] は~

Example:

  • いつもごはんべますか。…昼ご飯ひる  はん会社かいしゃちかくでべます。晩ご飯ばん  はんはうちでべます。- Do you always eat? … I eat lunch near my office. I eat dinner at home.
  • ここに名前なまえいてください。住所じゅうしょかなくてもいいです。- Please write your name here. You don’t have to write your address.

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