Minna no Nihongo1(Lesson16) Explanation in English

みんなの日本語初級1

A1 ~て、~て、

Meaning:

  • When two or more actions happen in order, use the “て-form” to connect the verbs. Say the actions in the order they happen.
  • You can also use“それから”at the beginning of the last sentence.
  • You can also use the“~て、~て、”form to give directions or explain how to use machines.

How to use:

[て-form] 、[て-form] 、

Example:

  • 朝ご飯あさ  はんべて、シャワーをびて、かけます。- I eat breakfast, take a shower, and go out.
  • きのうはものして、映画えいがて、友達ともだちとケーキをべました。- Yesterday, I went shopping, watched a movie, and ate cake with a friend.
  • どうやってチケットをいますか。…おかねれて、ボタンをしてください。- How do you buy a ticket? … Put in the money and press the button.
  • デパートまでどうやってきますか。…自転車じてんしゃえきまでって、電車でんしゃって、渋谷しぶやえきります。- How do you go to the department store? … Go to the station by bicycle, take the train, and get off at Shibuya Station.

A2 ~てから

Meaning:

  • This sentence pattern means you do Verb 2 after you finish Verb 1. You must finish Verb 1 first.
  • You cannot connect three or more actions by repeating“~てから、~てから、~”.

How to use:

[て-form(Verb1)] から、~[Verb2]

Example:

  • 勉強べんきょうしてから、ゲームをします。- I will play video games after I study.
  • かねをおろしてから、スーパーへきます。- I will go to the supermarket after I withdraw money.
  • もう宿題しゅくだいをしましたか。…いいえ、まだです。シャワーをびてから、宿題しゅくだいをします。- Have you already done your homework? … No, not yet. I will do my homework after I take a shower.

A3 ~は~が~

Meaning:

  • This sentence pattern is used to describe the qualities or characteristics of things or people.

How to use:

[Noun] は [Noun] が [Adjective]

Example:

  • ちちたかいです。- My father is tall.
  • 日本にほん料理りょうりがおいしいです。- Food in Japan is delicious.
  • 旅行りょこうはどうでしたか。…うみがきれいでした。- How was your trip? … The ocean was beautiful.

A4 ~くて/で

Meaning:

  • When you connect an い-adjective to another sentence, remove the い at the end of the adjective and add くて.
  • When you connect a noun or a な-adjective sentence to another sentence, change です to で.

How to use:

[い-Adjective ] くて

[な-Adjective] で

Example:

  • このラーメンはやすくて、おいしいです。- This ramen is cheap and delicious.
  • かれあたまがよくて、親切しんせつです。- He is smart and kind.
  • 東京とうきょう便利べんりで、たのしいまちです。- Tokyo is a convenient and fun city.
  • タイはどうでしたか。…うみがきれいで、料理りょうりがおいしかったです。- How was Thailand? … The ocean was beautiful, and the food was delicious.

どの/どれ

Meaning:

  • “どの”is used to ask about a specific person or thing from many options. It is followed by a noun.
  • “どれ”is used to ask which one something is from many things. It is used alone, not before a noun. You do not use it to ask about people.

How to use:

どの [Noun] ですか

[Noun] は どれですか

Example:

  • あたらしい先生せんせいはどのひとですか。…あのたかくて、かっこいいひとです。- Which person is the new teacher? … That tall and cool person.- Which one is Mr. Sato’s bag? … That big, black bag.
  • 佐藤さとうさんのかばんはどれですか。…あのおおきくて、くろいかばんです。

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